Metal leaching and inorganic sulfate reduction in volcanic-hosted massive sulfide mineral systems: Evidence from the paleo-Archean Panorama district, Western Australia
- 1Australian Geological Survey Organisation, GPO Box 378, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- 2Centre for Global Metallogeny, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia
- 3Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- 4Centre for Global Metallogeny, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia
Abstract
Comprehensive studies of the well-preserved, paleo-Archean (3.6–3.2 Ga) Panorama volcanic-hosted massive sulfide district of Western Australia provide compelling evidence that metals were leached from the base of the volcanic pile and redeposited at its top in volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. This leaching provided more than enough metal to form known deposits, implying that direct magmatic input of metal is not required.
Sulfur depletion from the base of the volcanic pile was associated with an increase in Fe2O3/FeO and hematitic alteration. These data, combined with sulfur isotope data, indicate that seawater sulfate reduction was facilitated by the oxidation of rock FeO to hematite at high temperature in the H2S stability field. This is the first time that seawater sulfate reduction has been demonstrated regionally in an ancient volcanic-hosted massive sulfide mineral system. The data presented here require paleo-Archean seawater to be sulfate bearing.
Footnotes
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↵GSA Data Repository item 2001082, Table 1, Geochemical analyses, and Table 2, Sulfur isotope results, is available on request from Documents Secretary, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, USA, editing@geosociety.org, or at www.geosociety.org/pubs/ft2001.htm.
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- Accepted April 10, 2001.
- Received October 11, 2000.
- Revision received March 20, 2001.
- Geological Society of America
